\(VT=\sum\frac{a}{2a+a+b+c}\le\frac{1}{25}\sum\left(\frac{4a}{2a}+\frac{9a}{a+b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{25}\left(6+\frac{9\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\right)=\frac{3}{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\frac{a}{3a+b+c}=\frac{2a}{6a+2b+2c}=\frac{2a}{(a+b)+(a+c)+(a+b)+(a+c)+2a}\leq \frac{2a}{25}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{2a}\right)\)

\(=\frac{4}{25}(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c})+\frac{1}{25}\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế ta có:

\(\sum \frac{a}{3a+b+c}\leq \frac{4}{25}(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+c}{b+c})+\frac{3}{25}=\frac{12}{25}+\frac{3}{25}=\frac{3}{5}\)

(đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

\(\frac{a}{3a+b+c}=\frac{a}{2a+a+b+c}\le\frac{1}{25}\left(\frac{4a}{2a}+\frac{9a}{a+b+c}\right)=\frac{2}{25}+\frac{9}{25}\left(\frac{a}{a+b+c}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{a+3b+c}\le\frac{2}{25}+\frac{9}{25}\left(\frac{b}{a+b+c}\right)\) ; \(\frac{c}{a+b+3c}\le\frac{2}{25}+\frac{9}{25}\left(\frac{c}{a+b+c}\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(VT\le\frac{6}{25}+\frac{9}{25}\left(\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}\right)=\frac{3}{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Với a, b, c là các số dương, áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\frac{b}{a+3b}+\frac{c}{b+3c}+\frac{a}{c+3a}=\frac{a+b+c}{a+3b+b+3c+c+3a}=\frac{a+b+c}{4a+4b+4c}=\frac{a+b+c}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{b}{a+3b}+\frac{c}{b+3c}+\frac{a}{c+3a}\le\frac{3}{4}\)

Ta có: \(\frac{b}{a+3b}+\frac{c}{b+3c}+\frac{a}{c+3a}\le\frac{3}{4}\)(*)

\(\Leftrightarrow3ba+3b+\frac{3c}{b+3c}+\frac{3a}{c+3a}\le\frac{9}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-3ba+3b+1-\frac{3c}{b+3c}+1-\frac{3a}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - swarch có

\(\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}=\frac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+3ac}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3ab+3bc+3ca}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh : \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3ab+3bc+3ca}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(1\right)\)

Từ (1) \(\Leftrightarrow4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+3ab+3bc+3ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)(đúng)

Vậy (*) đúng

Bạn tham khảo:

Câu hỏi của 원회으Won Hoe Eu - Toán lớp 8 | Học trực tuyến

Hơi tắt 1 xíu ^.^

Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\)thì \(x,y,z>0\)và ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{3zx+yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{3xy+zx}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{3yz+xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{3zx+yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{3xy+zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z\sqrt{3yz+xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng phân thức, ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{3zx+yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{3xy+zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z\sqrt{3yz+xy}}\ge\)\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x\sqrt{3zx+yz}+y\sqrt{3xy+zx}+z\sqrt{3yz+xy}}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz, ta có: \(x\sqrt{3zx+yz}+y\sqrt{3xy+zx}+z\sqrt{3yz+xy}\)\(=\sqrt{x}.\sqrt{3zx^2+xyz}+\sqrt{y}.\sqrt{3xy^2+xyz}+\sqrt{y}.\sqrt{3yz^2+xyz}\)\(\le\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)\left[3\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xyz\right)\right]}\)

Ta cần chứng minh \(\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)\left[3\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xyz\right)\right]}\le\frac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^4\ge\frac{9}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[3\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xyz\right)\right]\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^3\ge\frac{27}{4}\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xyz\right)\)(*)

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(y=mid\left\{x,y,z\right\}\)thì khi đó \(\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow y^2+zx\le xy+yz\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy^2+zx^2\le x^2y+xyz\Leftrightarrow xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xyz\le\)\(x^2y+yz^2+2xyz=y\left(z+x\right)^2=4y.\frac{z+x}{2}.\frac{z+x}{2}\)

\(\le\frac{4}{27}\left(y+\frac{z+x}{2}+\frac{z+x}{2}\right)^3=\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{27}\)

Như vậy (*) đúng

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c

\(VP=\frac{6}{\sqrt{\left(3a+bc\right)\left(3b+ca\right)\left(3c+ab\right)}}\)

\(=\frac{6}{\sqrt{\left[\left(a+b+c\right)a+bc\right]\left[\left(a+b+c\right)b+ca\right]\left[\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab\right]}}\)

\(=\frac{6}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+1\right)^2}}=\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)

\(VT=\frac{1}{3a+bc}+\frac{1}{3b+ca}+\frac{1}{3c+ab}\)

\(=\frac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)a+bc}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)b+ac}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab}\)

\(=\frac{\left(b+c\right)+\left(a+c\right)+\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)

Vậy VT = VP, đẳng thức được chứng minh

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=3a+b+c\\y=3b+a+c\\z=3c+a+b\end{cases}\left(x;y;z>0\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=5a+5b+5c=5\left(a+b+c\right)\)

Lại có: \(a+b+c=x-2a=y-2b=z-2c\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=5\left(x-2a\right)=5\left(y-2b\right)=5\left(z-2c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow4x-\left(y+z\right)=4\left(3a+b+c\right)-\left(4b+4c+2a\right)=10a\)

Tương tự ta có:\(4y-\left(x+z\right)=10b;4z-\left(x+y\right)=10c\)

\(\Rightarrow10T=\frac{4x-\left(y+z\right)}{x}+\frac{4y-\left(x+z\right)}{y}+\frac{4z-\left(x+y\right)}{z}\)

\(=12-\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)

\(=12-\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}\right)\)\(\le12-6=6\)(Bđt Cô si)

\(\Rightarrow10T\le6\Rightarrow T\le\frac{6}{10}=\frac{3}{5}\)(Đpcm)

Dấu = khi a=b=c